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of both epithelial and muscle cells.
Genes that are expressed in differentiated tissues (such as the mrf4 and my/5 genes expressed in muscle cells) are down regulated, while there is a dramatic increase in the expression of genes such as msxl that are associated with the proliferating progress zone mesenchyme of the embryonic limb (Simon et al. 1995).
In other words, do new muscles arise from old muscle cells that dedifferentiated, or can any cell of the blastema become a muscle cell?
Rather, in the regenerating limbs of the axolotl salamander, muscle cells arise only from old muscle cells, dermal cells come only from old dermal cells, and cartilage can arise only from old cartilage or old dermal cells.
Similarly, GFP-marked muscle cells gave rise only to muscle, and GFP-marked epidermal cells only produced the epidermis of the regenerated limb.
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